A Jupyter notebook is an interactive document that combines code, text, and output in a single file. It's made up of cells that can contain different types of content.
Raw cells contain plain text that isn't processed as code or markdown. Here, it contains frontmatter - special metadata that tells our website generator how to display this page.
Markdown cells let you write formatted text, like this explanation. You can include headings, lists, links, and more!
This is where you'd typically explain what your code does.
Code cells contain executable Python code. When you run these cells, the output appears below them.
Before we can execute our tic-tac-toe code, we need to set up our environment properly. We'll be doing a live demo of this process!
nbconvert must be installed in your selected venv to work properlyIf your code cells aren't running or modules aren't found, check that you've selected the correct kernel that matches your virtual environment!
Frontmatter is metadata written in YAML format at the top of your notebook. It tells your website how to process and display the content.
Here's how your Jupyter notebook becomes a live webpage using the nbconvert module:
Your .ipynb file with cells
Processes and converts
HTML in _posts directory
class Player:
def __init__(self, name, symbol):
self.name = name
self.symbol = symbol
class Board:
def __init__(self):
self.grid = [" "] * 9
def display(self):
print("\n")
print(" " + self.grid[0] + " | " + self.grid[1] + " | " + self.grid[2])
print("---+---+---")
print(" " + self.grid[3] + " | " + self.grid[4] + " | " + self.grid[5])
print("---+---+---")
print(" " + self.grid[6] + " | " + self.grid[7] + " | " + self.grid[8])
print("\n")
def display_reference(self):
reference = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9"]
print("Board positions:\n")
print("\n")
print(" " + reference[0] + " | " + reference[1] + " | " + reference[2])
print("---+---+---")
print(" " + reference[3] + " | " + reference[4] + " | " + reference[5])
print("---+---+---")
print(" " + reference[6] + " | " + reference[7] + " | " + reference[8])
print("\n")
def is_full(self):
return " " not in self.grid
def make_move(self, position, symbol):
index = position - 1
if index < 0 or index > 8:
print("Invalid position. Choose a number between 1 and 9.")
return False
if self.grid[index] != " ":
print("That spot is already taken. Try again.")
return False
self.grid[index] = symbol
return True
def check_winner(self, symbol):
win_combinations = [
[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8], # Rows
[0, 3, 6], [1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8], # Columns
[0, 4, 8], [2, 4, 6] # Diagonals
]
for combo in win_combinations:
if (self.grid[combo[0]] == symbol and
self.grid[combo[1]] == symbol and
self.grid[combo[2]] == symbol):
return True
return False
class TicTacToe:
def __init__(self, player1, player2):
self.board = Board()
self.players = [player1, player2]
self.current_player = player1
def switch_player(self):
self.current_player = (
self.players[1] if self.current_player == self.players[0] else self.players[0]
)
def play(self):
print("Welcome to Tic-Tac-Toe!")
print(f"{self.players[0].name} is '{self.players[0].symbol}'")
print(f"{self.players[1].name} is '{self.players[1].symbol}'")
print("Players take turns choosing a position (1–9).\n")
self.board.display_reference()
self.board.display()
while True:
try:
move = int(input(f"{self.current_player.name} ({self.current_player.symbol}), enter your move (1-9): "))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Please enter a number from 1 to 9.")
continue
if not self.board.make_move(move, self.current_player.symbol):
continue
self.board.display()
if self.board.check_winner(self.current_player.symbol):
print(f"{self.current_player.name} ({self.current_player.symbol}) wins!")
break
if self.board.is_full():
print("It's a tie!")
break
self.switch_player()
if __name__ == "__main__":
player1 = Player("Player 1", "X")
player2 = Player("Player 2", "O")
game = TicTacToe(player1, player2)
game.play()